A Differentiation of Translation's Output

1. Artikel Asli

 

Fire War Tradition of Tuban Symbolizes Magical Power

Indeed Bali has inexhaustible traditions and cultures. As carried out by Tuban customary village, Kuta, they perform a ritual handed down from ancestors through generations known as siat geni or fire war. This tradition is undertaken by two groups of customary youth club from two hamlets namely the Tuban Geria and Pesalakan in Tuban. They attack each other by using embers of coconut fiber. This magical action is performed as part of the grandiose ceremony at local Dalem Temple.

Implementation of this fire war tradition involves hundreds of youths in mutual attack action by throwing embers. It is held once a year and poses an obligatory ritual in a grandiose ceremony. Before the ritual begins, the fire war is first commenced with presentation of offerings in the form of food or small-scale offerings, by circumnavigating points of the compass. It is dedicated to bhuta kala coming from different directions that will attend the ritual.

Fire war ritual generally starts in the evening, where the youth club members from two hamlets has been assembled, namely the Tuban Geria and Pesalakan. Anyone can get involved in the devotional service or ngayah. However, it is not permitted to have revenge in this fire war. Abstinence in the fire war is that people are not allowed to take firewood from cemetery area.

A fire war is performed by throwing fire of coconut fibers. In this game, boys will mingle and the players throw each other or attack each other. Fire war is a sacred game or ritual. Community leaders are still closely supervising this ritual game. This game in particular does not have any standard rules. Sometimes the youths are playing in their own way namely by banging coconut fibers to the ones carried by other players so that sparks a fire like fireworks. This ritual symbolizes the psychical realm or thing of beyond human logic namely the bhuta kala that releases its power in the form of Ludra’s fire to be presented as devotion to Bhatara Dalem.

Besides, it also symbolizes supernatural forces believed to balance the environment, so that the great strength can be channeled into a positive force that is beneficial to natural balance of the physical and psychical realm.

Having performed the ritual in the fire war, all the players are given penglukatan (self-purification) and not allowed to keep any revenge. After the game finishes, all the participants getting involved in the games are saying prayers together to deities abiding at Dalem Temple for safety. Logically, this game can be considered to provide entertainment and a sense of integrity for supporting devotees or pengempon. Vivacity and brotherhood of both hamlets are getting stronger. This procession poses a system of belief that gives us an understanding to jointly maintain the balance of physical and psychical realms.

Source : http://bali-travelnews.com/2017/02/24/fire-war-tradition-of-tuban-symbolizes-magical-power/

2. Hasil Terjemahan Menggunakan Google Translate

 

Tradisi Perang Api Tuban Melambangkan Kekuatan Ajaib

Memang Bali memiliki tradisi dan budaya yang tak ada habisnya. Seperti yang dilakukan oleh desa adat Tuban, Kuta, mereka melakukan ritual yang diturunkan dari nenek moyang dari generasi ke generasi yang dikenal dengan siat geni atau perang api. Tradisi ini dilakukan oleh dua kelompok klub pemuda adat dari dua dusun yaitu Tuban Geria dan Pesalakan di Tuban. Mereka menyerang satu sama lain dengan menggunakan bara serat kelapa. Aksi magis ini dilakukan sebagai bagian dari upacara mulianya di Pura Dalem setempat.

Pelaksanaan tradisi perang api ini melibatkan ratusan pemuda dalam aksi saling serang dengan cara melempar bara api. Acara ini diselenggarakan setahun sekali dan merupakan ritual wajib dalam upacara megah. Sebelum ritual dimulai, perang api pertama kali dimulai dengan penyajian persembahan berupa makanan atau persembahan berskala kecil, dengan titik-titik keliling kompas. Hal ini didedikasikan untuk bhuta kala yang datang dari berbagai arah yang akan menghadiri ritual tersebut.

Ritual api biasanya dimulai di malam hari, dimana anggota klub pemuda dari dua dusun tersebut telah dirakit, yaitu Tuban Geria dan Pesalakan. Siapapun bisa terlibat dalam ibadah kebaktian atau ngayah. Namun, tidak diizinkan melakukan balas dendam dalam perang api ini. Pantang dalam perang api adalah orang tidak diperbolehkan mengambil kayu bakar dari area pemakaman.

Sebuah perang api dilakukan dengan melemparkan api dari serat kelapa. Dalam game ini, anak laki-laki akan berbaur dan para pemain saling melempar satu sama lain atau saling menyerang. Perang api adalah permainan suci atau ritual. Tokoh masyarakat masih mengawasi dengan seksama permainan ritual ini. Game ini pada khususnya tidak memiliki aturan standar. Terkadang para pemuda bermain dengan cara mereka sendiri yaitu dengan menggedor serat kelapa ke yang dibawa oleh pemain lain sehingga memicu api seperti kembang api. Ritual ini melambangkan dunia psikis atau benda yang berada di luar logika manusia yaitu bhuta kala yang melepaskan kekuatannya dalam bentuk api Ludra untuk dipresentasikan sebagai pengabdian kepada Bhatara Dalem.

Selain itu, ia juga melambangkan kekuatan supranatural yang diyakini menyeimbangkan lingkungan, sehingga kekuatan besar bisa disalurkan menjadi kekuatan positif yang bermanfaat bagi keseimbangan alami alam fisik dan psikis.

Setelah melakukan ritual dalam perang api, semua pemain diberi penglukatan (self-purification) dan tidak diijinkan untuk melakukan balas dendam apapun. Setelah pertandingan selesai, semua peserta yang terlibat dalam permainan tersebut mengucapkan doa bersama kepada para dewa yang tinggal di Kuil Dalem untuk mendapatkan keamanan. Logikanya, game ini bisa dianggap memberikan hiburan dan rasa integritas untuk mendukung pemuja atau pengempon. Keimanan dan persaudaraan kedua dusun semakin kuat. Prosesi ini menghadirkan sistem kepercayaan yang memberi kita pemahaman untuk bersama-sama menjaga keseimbangan alam fisik dan psikis.

3. Hasil Terjemahan Versi Saya

 

Tradisi Perang Api di Tuban Melambangkan Kekuatan Ajaib

Bali memang memiliki tradisi dan budaya yang tak pernah ada habisnya. Seperti yang dilakukan oleh warga desa ada Tuban, Kuta, mereka menjalankan ritual yang diwariskan oleh nenek moyang mereka dari generasi ke generasi yang dikenal dengan siat geni atau perang api. Tradisi ini dilakukan oleh dua kelompok pemuda adat dari dua dusun yang bernama Tuban Geria dan Pesalakan. Mereka menyerang satu sama lain dengan menggunakan bara api dari serat kelapa. Aksi magis ini ditampilkan sebagai bagian dari upacara besar-besaran di Pura Dalem.

Pelaksanaan dari tradisi perang api ini melibatkan ratusan pemuda dalam aksi saling serang dengan cara melemparkan bara api. Acara ini diselenggarakan satu tahun sekali dan merupakan ritual wajib dari upacara besar-besaran ini. Sebelum ritual dimulai, pertama-tama perang api dimulai dengan penyajian persembahan berupa makanan atau persembahan-persembahan yang berskala kecil, dengan mengelilingi arah mata angin. Hal ini dipersembahkan untuk bhuta kala yang datang dari berbagai arah yang akan menghadiri ritual tersebut.

Biasanya ritual perang api dimulai pada malam hari, dimana anggota klub pemuda dari dua dusun yang bernama Tuban Geria dan Pesalakan telah dikumpulkan. Siapapun dapat terlibat dalam kebaktian keagamaan atau ngayah ini. Tetapi dalam perang api ini tidak diizinkan untuk membalas dendam. Pantangan yang ada dalam perang api ini adalah orang tidak diizinkan untuk mengambil kayu bakar dari area pemakaman.

Ritual perang api dilakukan dengan melemparkan api dari serat kelapa. Dalam permainan ini, anak laki-laki akan berkumpul dan para pemain akan melempar atau menyerang satu sama lain. Perang api adalah sebuah ritual atau permainan yang suci. Tokoh masyarakat akan tetap mengawasi dengan seksama permainan ritual ini. Pada umumnya permainan ini tidak memiliki aturan standar. Terkadang para pemuda bermain dengan cara mereka sendiri yaitu dengan memukulkan serat kelapa mereka ke serat kelapa yang dibawa oleh pemain lain sehingga mengeluarkan api seperti kembang api. Ritual ini melambangkan dunia psikis atau benda yang berada di luar logika manusia yaitu bhuta kala yang melepaskan kekuatannya dalam bentuk api Ludra untuk dipresentasikan sebagai pengabdian kepada Bhatara Dalem.

Selain itu, ritual ini juga melambangkan kekuatan supranatural yang diyakini menyeimbangkan lingkungan, sehingga kekuatan yang besar bisa disalurkan menjadi kekuatan positif yang bermanfaat bagi keseimbangan alami dari alam fisik.

Setelah melakukan ritual perang api semua pemain diberikan penglukatan (pemurnian diri) dan tidak diizinkan untuk melakukan pembalasan dendam apapun. Setelah permainan selesai, semua peserta yang terlibat dalam permainan akan memanjatkan doa bersama kepada para dewa yang tinggal di Kuil Dalem untuk memperoleh keamanan. Secara logika, permainan ini dianggap bisa memberikan hiburan dan rasa integritas untuk mendukung pemuja atau pengempon. Keimanan dan persaudaraan antar kedua dusuk akan semakin kuat. Prosesi ini merupakan sistem kepercayaan yang memberi kita pemahaman untuk bersama-sama menjaga keseimbangan alam fisik.

Soal TOEFL (Tugas Softskill)

Choose the INCORRECT answer, then give the CORRECTION and EXPLANATION !

1.      Zoos in New Orleans, San Diego, Detroit, and the Bronx have become biological

A

parks where animals roams free and people watch from across a moat.

B                           C                                 D

            The answer is C, because the word “roams” refers to animals as a plural subject. In the Simple Present Tense, the plural subject must be followed by verb without ‘s’. So it should be “roam”.

2.      George has not completed the assignment yet,  and Maria hasn’t neither

A                                 B             C                             D

            The answer is D, neither should be changed to be either. Because, if we wan’t to use neither, the auxiliary verb comes before the subject. Neither can’t with another negatives. The subject has existed, so we must use either, and change it to be ”hasn’t either”.

3.      Hanny enjoyed to be able to meet several Congress members during her vacation.

          A           B               C                                                        D

            The answer is A, because “enjoy” is one of common verbs followed by gerund. Therefore, it should be corrected  become “enjoyed being”.

4.      No one would have attended the lecture if you told the truth about

      A                                       B         C

the guest speaker.

                  D

            The answer is B, because this sentence belongs to conditional sentence type 3. The pattern of conditional sentence type 3 is “IF + S + HAD + V3”. So it should be corrected become “had told”.

5.      Marie has registered for both the afternoon anthropology class as well as

             A                                                                                      B

the evening sociology lecture.

C               D

The answer is B, because this sentence use parallel conjunction “both”. “Both” should be paired with “and”. Therefore, “as well as” should be corrected become “and”

6.      Compact discs are affected neither by scratching and by dust.

       A       B                   C                    D

            The answer is D, because this sentence use parallel conjunction “neither”. Neither shoukd be paired with “nor”. Therefore, “and” should be corrected become “nor”.

7.      Plastics used to make textiles can be drawn into fine threads, then woven or knit

    A                         B                     C          D

into fabrics.

            The answer is D, that sentence use parallel structure, because the word “drawn” and “woven” are past participle, so the next verb (knit) also must be past participle. That is “knitted”.

8.      Henry David Thoreau stressed the importance in individuality and of living

       A                                                  B

in harmony with nature.

         C                  D

            The answer is B, that sentence use parallel structure, because the word “stressed” using past form, so the next verb (living) also must be past participle. That is “lived”.

9.      The coach was depending for his team to win the game so that they would have a

    A                             B                       C

chance to play in the Super Bowl.

          D

            The answer is A, because the correct  adjective preposition of “depend” is “depend on”. So, the sentence should be “the coach was depending on his team”.

10.  According to Freud, mental life is characterized by internal conflicts who are largely

            A                                                         B                                             C               D

unconscious.

            The answer is C, in that sentence “who” refers to internal conflicts, but it’s wrong, because the correct noun clause connector for “internal conflicts” is “which”.

Find the inappropriate word and correct it!

Name  : Wahyu Widya Lestari

NPM   : 1C614162

Class   : 4SA01

Soal A

1. After John eaten dinner, he wrote  several letters and went to bed.

                        A                       B                 C                           D

    Discussion : The correct answer is A.eaten. It should be “had eaten”, because that sentence used past perfect tense. The sentence is past perfect tense because it is relating two events which happen in the past, one action occurred before another or an action finishes before another action. And the pattern is Subject+had+V3. So the right sentence is:

After John had eaten dinner, he wrote several letters and went to bed.

Soal B

6. She won’t  be going to the conference, and neither won’t  her colleagues.

  A             B                                                  C                      D

    Discussion : The correct answer is C.neither won’t. It should be “neither will”. Because, neither is the negative form, so that sentence should be “neither will”. When a clause with neither or nor is used after a negative clause, we invert the subject and the verb after neither and nor (https://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/questions-and-negative-sentences/neither-neither-nor-and-not-either)

Soal C

2. Peter had already saw  that musical before  he  read  the reviews about it.

                           A                                     B            C                             D

    Discussion : The correct answer is A.already saw. It should be “had already seen”. Because, that sentence used past perfect tense. The sentence is past perfect tense because it is relating two events which happen in the past, one action occurred before another or an action finishes before another action. And the pattern is Subject+had+V3. So the right sentence is:

Peter had already seen that musical before he read the reviews about it.

Making Direct Sentences to be Indirect Sentences

Based on the previous article (see: http://wahyuwidyalestari.blogspot.co.id/2017/10/direct-sentences-in-article.html), we have found 4 direct sentences. Then, we will change those sentences become Indirect sentences.

Sentence 1

Direct :

“We have created a new ecological process, the process of mega-rafting,” said Steven L. Chown, a professor of biology at Monash University in Australia, who was not involved in the report, but wrote a commentary that also appeared in Science. “The development of materials that can float for ages, and the rising levels of seas due to climate change, make the possibility of these events larger and larger.”

Indirect :

Steven L. Chown, a professor of biology at Monash University in Australia, who was not involved in the report, but wrote a commentary that also appeared in Science said that they had created a new ecological process, the process of mega-rafting and the development of materials that could have floated for ages, and the rising levels of seas due to climate change, had made the possibility of these events larger and larger.

Sentence 2 

Direct :

“This was our first heads up, that this was the vanguard of what might be coming from Japan,” said one of the report’s co-authors, James T. Carlton, a professor emeritus of marine sciences at Williams College. “After that, we got a steady stream of reports of boats, buoys and other debris, all with Japanese markings, and all carrying an amazing cross section of Japanese sea life.”

Indirect :

One of the report’s co-authors, James T. Carlton, a professor emeritus of marine sciences at Williams College said that it had been their first heads up, that it had been the vanguard of what might be coming from Japan, after that, they had gotten a steady stream of reports of boats, buoys and other debris, all with Japanese markings, and all carrying an amazing cross section of Japanese sea life.

Sentence 3

Direct :

“We found that hundreds of species could survive for multiple generations at sea,” said Dr. Carlton, who is a former director of William’s Maritime Studies Program in Mystic Seaport, Conn. “They could do this so long as their rafts did not dissolve or sink.”

Indirect : 

Dr. Carlton, who is a former director of William’s Maritime Studies Program in Mystic Seaport, Conn said that they had found those hundreds of species could survive for multiple generations at sea and they could have done that so long as their rafts had not dissolved or sunk.

Sentence 4

Direct :

“We have loaded the coastal zones of the world with massive amounts of plastic and materials that are not biodegradable,” he said. “All it takes is something to push this into the ocean for the next invasion of species to happen.”

Indirect :

He said that they had loaded the coastal zones of the world with massive amounts of plastic and materials that are not biodegradable, all it took had been something to push that into the ocean for the next invasion of species to happen.

Direct Sentences in Article

After the Tsunami, Japan’s Sea Creatures Crossed an Ocean

By MARTIN FACKLER SEPT. 28, 2017

TOKYO — The towering tsunami that devastated Japan six years ago also unleashed a very different sort of threat onto the distant coastline of North America: a massive invasion of marine life from across the Pacific Ocean.

Hundreds of species from the coastal waters of Japan — mostly invertebrates like mussels, sea anemones and crabs — were carried across the Pacific on huge amounts of floating debris generated by the disaster, according to a study published Thursday in Science. Less than a year and a half after the enormous earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011, left more than 18,000 dead or missing in Japan, the first pieces of wreckage began washing up on the shores of Canada and the United States.

To the surprise of scientists, the debris was covered with sea creatures that had survived crossings that in some cases had taken years.

The study’s authors say it is too early to tell how many of these tiny invaders have gained a foothold in North American waters, where they could challenge or even displace native species. While such “rafting” of animals across oceans happened in the past, the authors say the Japanese tsunami is unprecedented because of the sheer number of organisms that it sent across the world’s largest ocean.

And this points to one of the main findings of the study: that this mass migration was the result of not just the huge natural disaster, but changes in human behavior. Such large numbers of marine animals were able to cross the Pacific because they rode on debris — made of materials like plastic and fiberglass — that proved durable enough to drift thousands of miles.

These synthetics, the use of which has taken off around the world, can stay afloat for years or even decades. The debris that was dragged out to sea by the 2011 tsunami formed an unsinkable flotilla capable of transporting a large population of organisms across the world’s largest ocean.

“We have created a new ecological process, the process of mega-rafting,” said Steven L. Chown, a professor of biology at Monash University in Australia, who was not involved in the report, but wrote a commentary that also appeared in Science. “The development of materials that can float for ages, and the rising levels of seas due to climate change, make the possibility of these events larger and larger.”

This flotsam ranged in size from coolers and motorcycle helmets to entire fishing boats and even larger objects, teeming with living sea animals that were native to the coastal waters of Japan, but foreign to North America.

The larger the object, the more animals it carried. One of the first pieces of tsunami debris that appeared was a 180-ton floating dock that washed ashore in Oregon in June 2012. It was carrying a diverse mini-ecosystem of more than 120 different species.

“This was our first heads up, that this was the vanguard of what might be coming from Japan,” said one of the report’s co-authors, James T. Carlton, a professor emeritus of marine sciences at Williams College.“After that, we got a steady stream of reports of boats, buoys and other debris, all with Japanese markings, and all carrying an amazing cross section of Japanese sea life.”

Dr. Carlton called it remarkable that such a wide range of species — which also included barnacles, worms and tiny filter-feeders called bryozoans — could survive the journey across the northern Pacific. In many cases, these passages took years, longer than the life spans of the individual organisms. The authors concluded that not only did these creatures adapt to an open ocean where food was scarcer than in rich coastal waters, they were also able to reproduce, in some cases for at least three generations, before reaching the North American coast.

“We found that hundreds of species could survive for multiple generations at sea,” said Dr. Carlton, who is a former director of William’s Maritime Studies Program in Mystic Seaport, Conn. “They could do this so long as their rafts did not dissolve or sink.”

To conduct the study, the authors relied on more than 200 volunteers, including state park rangers and beachcombers, to find and examine some 634 pieces of debris that washed ashore from 2012 to earlier this year. While there was concern in the early days that some debris might have been contaminated from the nuclear accident at Fukushima that was caused by the tsunami, Dr. Carlton said such worries quickly eased after tests showed no traces of radioactive contamination.

The washed up objects were found to carry 289 invasive species from the western Pacific. While most were invertebrates, a few vertebrates survived the journey, including a small number of emaciated fish that were trapped inside the water-filled hulls of half-sunken fishing boats.

All told, thousands of pieces of debris from Japan washed up on North American coasts from Sitka, Alaska, to Monterey, Calif., and as far afield as Hawaii. Since the authors and volunteers were only able to inspect a fraction of these objects, Dr. Carlton said he believes hundreds more species likely made the crossing.

It is unclear how many of these will actually gain a foothold in North America. It takes years for an invasive species to establish a viable population, and these may be hard to spot on so long a stretch of coastline. Most of the newcomers will simply vanish in a Darwinian process of selection that Dr. Carlton likened to “a game of ecological roulette.”

Species that do prosper can cause enormous environmental and economic damage, especially if they supplant native species upon which coastal communities depend for livelihoods. The study concluded that such disruptions will become more frequent as the use of plastics and other synthetics proliferates. Nor does it take an event as rare as a giant tsunami to launch the next invasion fleet. Dr. Carlton pointed to Hurricane Irma, which blew large amounts of plastic debris from devastated Caribbean islands onto Florida’s beaches.

“We have loaded the coastal zones of the world with massive amounts of plastic and materials that are not biodegradable,” he said. “All it takes is something to push this into the ocean for the next invasion of species to happen.”

Source: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/28/science/tsunami-japan-debris-ocean.html